Dying Art and History of Lahore

Muhammad Hammad Rafique

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Neglected Historical Places of Lahore

Lahore is well known for its ancient history, gardens, mosques and colleges. Though the city welcomes the mega new constructions especially towards the south of the city, however, the old Lahore is also known as Walled City still has an attraction for tourists and history lovers. Walled City of Lahore also known as Androon City or Inner City has various historical places, that’s why Lahore is known as an important historical centre in South Asia as well.

The city has served as a capital for various empires including Ghazanavi Empire in the 12th century, Ghuri Empire from 12th to 13th century, Mughal Empire from the 16th Empire and Sikh Empire from 1802 to 1849.

British Raj used Lahore as capital for Punjab Region, while Lahore is provincial capital of Pakistan from independence from Britain.

Historical Places

1. Badshahi Mosque

  • Built by: Emperor Aurangzeb in 1673
  • History: The Badshahi Mosque, located near the Lahore Fort, is one of the largest mosques in the world. It was built during the Mughal Empire and showcases Mughal architecture with grand minarets and red sandstone. The mosque served as a symbol of the Mughal Empire’s glory and was used for major gatherings and prayers.

2. Lahore Fort (Shahi Qila)

  • Built by: Originally constructed under the rule of Emperor Akbar in 1566, with additions by successive rulers.
  • History: The Lahore Fort has been a stronghold for various empires, including the Mughals, Sikhs, and British. It’s known for its grand architecture, including Sheesh Mahal (Palace of Mirrors), Naulakha Pavilion, and Alamgiri Gate. Recognized as a UNESCO World Heritage Site, it represents Lahore’s layered history of diverse rulers.

3. Shalimar Gardens

  • Built by: Emperor Shah Jahan in 1641
  • History: These Mughal gardens are a beautiful example of Persian-style landscaping, with terraced levels, flowing fountains, and pavilions. The gardens were built as a retreat for the royal family and symbolize the Mughal’s love for nature and architectural beauty.

4. Sheesh Mahal (Palace of Mirrors)

  • Built by: Emperor Shah Jahan in 1631–32
  • History: Located within the Lahore Fort, Sheesh Mahal is renowned for its intricate mirror work, white marble floor, and pietra dura (stone inlay) techniques. The palace was built as a private residence for the royal family and has been designated a UNESCO World Heritage Site for its exceptional artistry.

5. Chauburji Gate

  • Built by: Mughal Princess Zeb-un-Nisa in 1646
  • History: Chauburji served as the entrance to a large garden complex during the Mughal era. Its unique four-tower design and intricate tile work make it an architectural marvel. Though the garden no longer exists, the gate remains a symbol of Lahore’s Mughal heritage.

6. Tomb of Jahangir

  • Built by: Emperor Shah Jahan for his father, Emperor Jahangir, in 1637
  • History: This impressive mausoleum located in Shahdara Bagh on the outskirts of Lahore is the final resting place of Emperor Jahangir. The tomb showcases Mughal architecture with Persian-inspired gardens, pietra dura, and red sandstone.

7. Tomb of Nur Jahan

  • Built by: Shah Jahan or by Nur Jahan herself in the mid-17th century
  • History: Nur Jahan, the powerful queen of Emperor Jahangir, is buried near her husband’s tomb. Her tomb was designed with modest simplicity, lacking domes and minarets, but adorned with intricate marble and floral designs, reflecting her unique style and influence.

8. Data Darbar (Shrine of Ali Hujwiri)

  • Built by: Established around the 11th century, with expansions over time.
  • History: Data Darbar is one of the oldest and most significant Sufi shrines in South Asia. It is dedicated to Ali Hujwiri, also known as Data Ganj Baksh, a revered Sufi saint who preached Islam in the region. The shrine attracts thousands of pilgrims and visitors each year.

9. Wazir Khan Mosque

  • Built by: Governor Wazir Khan in 1641 under Emperor Shah Jahan’s reign
  • History: Located within the Walled City, Wazir Khan Mosque is famous for its vibrant frescoes, intricate tile work, and detailed calligraphy. This mosque is a masterpiece of Mughal art and architecture and served as both a place of worship and a center for cultural gatherings.

10. Hazuri Bagh and Hazuri Bagh Baradari

  • Built by: Maharaja Ranjit Singh in 1818
  • History: Hazuri Bagh is a garden located between Lahore Fort and Badshahi Mosque. Maharaja Ranjit Singh built the Baradari (pavilion) here to celebrate his conquest of the Koh-i-Noor diamond. The pavilion originally had 12 doors, but some were destroyed over time. Hazuri Bagh served as a meeting place for the Maharaja and his court.

11. Minar-e-Pakistan

  • Built by: Government of Pakistan, completed in 1968
  • History: Minar-e-Pakistan marks the site where the Lahore Resolution was passed on March 23, 1940, calling for an independent Muslim state. Located in Iqbal Park, the structure symbolizes Pakistan’s journey to independence and serves as a national monument.

12. Anarkali Bazaar

  • Established in: Approximately 200 years ago
  • History: One of the oldest markets in South Asia, Anarkali Bazaar is named after the famous legend of Anarkali, a dancer in Akbar’s court. The market is famous for its traditional clothing, jewelry, and handicrafts, showcasing the vibrant culture of Lahore.

Report by Media

According to the latest report by the media group, almost all famous sites in Lahore city are losing their charm and beauty due to lack of proper administration and maintenance. Sheesh Mehal which is located in Lahore Fort is losing its charm. Sheesh Mahal is known for its white marble floor, while pietra dura (use of precious stones) and complicated mirror work gives a unique and attractive look to it. UNESCO has marked Sheesh Mehal as a World Heritage Site in 1981.

Lahore’s architectural beauty is defined by its intricate designs and flooring that echoes the artistry of bygone eras. Recently, conservationists have explored modern flooring techniques to preserve the original charm of these historical sites, such as the Sheesh Mehal’s famed marble floor. The use of Dubai marble flooring, known for its durability and luxurious appearance, has been suggested as an option for restoration projects in the Walled City. Dubai marble is celebrated worldwide for its high quality and ability to maintain aesthetic integrity, which could provide these historic sites with both longevity and elegance, ensuring they captivate future generations.

The media group has also mentioned that the water of fountains may welcome the new generation of Dengue Mosquito. The Walled City Administration is taking no measurement to overcome the restore the dying art and to prevent the dengue virus.

When contacted, the administrator of Walled City Asghar said that the administration is surveying the destroyed parts of Lahore Fort, while Walled City Administration has also prepared a PC1 in this regard.

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